TEETH GRINDING (BRUXISM) IN CHILDREN

Diagnosing teeth grinding in children is quite difficult, as the pathological symptoms do not appear as rapidly as they do in adults. It is usually noticed when parents observe their child during sleep or are disturbed by the grinding sounds. In infants, bruxism has been reported to increase after the eruption of baby teeth, due to a desire to make the newly opposing teeth come into contact. Additionally, the sound itself may be pleasing to babies, reinforcing the habit. Similarly, around the age of 5–8, when children begin transitioning to permanent teeth, they may grind or clench their teeth as a reaction to the discomfort of teething. In some cases, improper alignment of upper and lower teeth may also be a cause.

Stress, as in adults, is one of the major causes of teeth grinding or clenching in children. For example, a child may be experiencing stress due to an exam, an upcoming performance, or a change in their routine (such as the arrival of a sibling, moving to a new home, or a new teacher). These common causes of bruxism in children often disappear on their own over time.

Parents usually bring their children to clinics in fear, not knowing why their child is grinding their teeth. Bruxism is a condition expected to increase in the coming years. Without a doubt, it is a disorder that reflects the problems of modern life. While the issue often resolves on its own in children without leaving a trace or requiring treatment, there are also persistent cases. In these stubborn instances, treatment should begin as soon as the condition is identified. If left untreated, a variety of issues may gradually develop. In general, teeth grinding does not damage a child’s teeth. Though it often fades without lasting effects, it may cause mild headaches or earaches in the morning. However, the real impact of teeth grinding is usually on the people around the child, who may be disturbed or upset by the noise.

In extreme cases, nighttime teeth grinding can lead to enamel wear, increased sensitivity to temperature, tooth fractures, cheek biting, gum recession, facial or joint pain, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.

If parents suspect their child is grinding their teeth, they should first consult a dentist to determine whether the enamel or teeth have been damaged. During the examination, the dentist will assess whether the cause is anatomical or psychological and propose an appropriate treatment plan. In most cases, bruxism resolves on its own without the need for intervention. However, to prevent potential problems with the teeth and jaw, parents should remain attentive and not neglect regular dental checkups.

If teeth grinding causes pain in the face or jaw or damages the teeth, the dentist may recommend a special night guard for the child to wear while sleeping. Whether the cause is physiological or psychological, helping the child relax before bedtime can help reduce grinding. A warm bath, calming music, or reading a book before sleep can aid in relaxation. If stress is the underlying cause, it is important to understand what is causing the child’s anxiety and provide support to help them manage it. If there are emotional tensions that seem to go beyond what parents can help with, it is essential to seek the assistance of a child psychiatrist. The psychiatrist will assess the child’s emotional and psychological state, identify sources of stress, and initiate appropriate treatment.

Some studies have also found that intestinal parasites may contribute to teeth grinding. If stool or blood tests indicate that intestinal parasites are the cause, treatment will begin, and teeth grinding will typically stop on its own following treatment.

In most cases, teeth grinding during childhood resolves by adolescence at the latest. Since permanent teeth are much more sensitive to pain compared to baby teeth, most children stop grinding once their permanent teeth come in. If the grinding is caused by stress, it will likely continue until the stressor is eliminated.

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